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Neurodivergence Ecosystem Map
Recognized neurodivergent profiles, their cognitive signatures, and common co-occurrences.
An overview of the most studied neurodivergent profiles, grouped by primary cognitive domain. Profiles frequently co-occur; this is a navigational map, not a diagnostic taxonomy.
Attention & executive
ADHD
Variable attention, hyperfocus, executive function differences.
Executive dysfunction
Difficulty with initiation, planning, and self-regulation.
Social & perceptual
Autism spectrum
Detail-oriented cognition, sensory sensitivity, distinctive social processing.
Pathological demand avoidance
Anxiety-driven avoidance of expectations.
Learning & language
Dyslexia
Phonological processing differences affecting reading.
Dyscalculia
Difficulty with numerical and quantitative reasoning.
Dysgraphia
Difficulty with handwriting and written expression.
Sensory & motor
Dyspraxia / DCD
Motor coordination differences.
Tourette syndrome
Motor and vocal tics; often co-occurs with ADHD/OCD.
Synesthesia
Cross-modal perceptual binding (e.g., color-grapheme).
Key takeaways
- Neurodivergence is the rule of co-occurrence, not single discrete diagnoses.
- Each profile carries distinctive strengths as well as challenges.
- Modern frameworks treat these as cognitive variation, not deficit per se.
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